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Tatami

What are tatami?

Tatami are traditional Japanese mats made from woven rush straw, often used in homes, temples, and other cultural spaces. They have a rich history in Japan, evolving from small, portable mats for nobility to standard floor coverings in homes and public spaces. The word "tatami" comes from the verb tatamu, meaning "to fold," referring to their early portable nature. Typically rectangular, tatami mats are about 1.8 meters by 0.9 meters, though sizes may vary by region.

The core of a traditional tatami mat is made from rice straw, while the surface is covered with woven rush grass (igusa), giving it a smooth, springy texture. Tatami mats are valued for their comfort, insulation, and ability to purify the air, contributing to the overall wellness of a space. In Japanese culture, tatami floors are central to washitsu (traditional rooms), serving various purposes such as seating, dining, and sleeping.

Tatami in Martial Arts

In martial arts, tatami refers to mats used as training surfaces. While traditional tatami made from rice straw and rush grass is less common in martial arts today, modern tatami mats are typically made from high-density foam or synthetic materials for better durability and cushioning. These mats are widely used in disciplines like judo, karate, taekwondo, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, and aikido, providing a cushioned surface that reduces the risk of injury during falls, throws, and other physical techniques.

Martial arts tatami mats are generally standardized in size (often 1x2 meters or 1x1 meter tiles) and are designed to interlock for stability. The thickness of these mats varies depending on the type of martial art, ranging from 1 to 4 centimeters. In high-impact sports like judo, thicker mats are essential for absorbing falls, while thinner mats support quicker movements in styles like karate. The surface of martial arts tatami provides a balance of grip and smoothness, allowing for safe and efficient movement during training.

The use of tatami mats in martial arts not only ensures safety but also reflects the traditional importance of tatami in Japanese culture, linking modern practices with historical and cultural significance.

Related article: Tatami: Traditional Japanese Flooring for Modern Homes

The secret principle of martial arts is not vanquishing the attacker, but resolving to avoid an encounter before its occurrence. To become an object of an attack is an indication that there was an opening in one's guard, and the important thing is to be on guard at all times.
Gichin Funakoshi

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